97.
The answer is: D
Explanation
Public Interest Litigation (PIL) is a legal action that is filed in a court of law to protect or enforce the public interest or general interest of the people. PILs are meant to address issues of social justice, human rights, environmental protection, and good governance. However, PILs can also be misused or abused for personal gain, political agenda, or other ulterior motives.
the misuse of mechanisms of PILs means:
- Filing PILs for protection of private interest: This means using PILs to advance one's own interest or benefit, rather than the public interest. For example, filing a PIL to stop a project that would affect one's property or business, without considering the larger public good.
- Filing PILs for oblique motive: This means using PILs to achieve a hidden or indirect purpose, rather than the stated public interest. For example, filing a PIL to harass or defame someone, or to interfere with the functioning of the government or the judiciary.
- Filing PILs only for publicity: This means using PILs to gain attention or fame, rather than the public interest. For example, filing a PIL on a sensational or controversial issue, without any genuine concern or research.
Therefore, the correct option is D: All of the above, as all these scenarios constitute the misuse of mechanisms of PILs.