18.
The answer is: B
Explanation
Answer: B - Dhad
Explanation:
- Dhadis are traditional Punjabi bards/performers who sing vars (heroic ballads) celebrating brave warriors, Sikh Gurus and martyrs drawn from Sikh history.
- Their signature instrument is the Dhad - a small hourglass-shaped percussion instrument held in one hand and struck with the other, producing a sharp rhythmic sound that drives the narrative forward.
- The Dhadi tradition was patronised by Guru Hargobind Singh (6th Sikh Guru) who encouraged singing of heroic compositions to inspire martial spirit among Sikhs.
Why other options are wrong:
- Algoza - A double flute instrument, associated with folk music of Punjab and Sindh, particularly pastoral/romantic songs. Not used by Dhadis.
- Bugdu - A string instrument, not associated with Dhadi tradition.
- Kato - Not a prominent classical Punjabi instrument in mainstream usage.
Key Punjabi folk instruments - must know:
- Dhad : Percussion : Dhadi singers, heroic ballads
- Algoza :Wind (double flute): Folk/pastoral music
- Tumbi : String (plucked) : Bhangra, folk songs
- Sarangi : String (bowed) : Classical/folk music
- Chimta : Percussion : Bhangra, religious music
- Dhol : Percussion : Bhangra, celebrations
- Ektara : String : Sufi/devotional music
- Bugdu : String : Folk music
Historical significance of Dhadi tradition:
- Guru Nanak Dev Ji himself is said to have used music as a medium of spiritual teaching
- Dhadi singers Abdulla and Natha were appointed by Guru Hargobind Singh
- Dhadi vars kept alive the memory of Sikh martyrs and battles across generations