Explanation
The correct answer is A: Robert Clive.
The dual system of government in Bengal was introduced by Robert Clive in 1765. It was a unique system of administration that established the British East India Company's authority over Bengal, which was then ruled by the Nawabs of Bengal.
Under the dual system of government, the Nawab retained his ceremonial position, while the real power rested with the British East India Company. The Nawab was responsible for maintaining law and order in the province, while the Company looked after the collection of revenue and the administration of justice.
The dual system of government was established after the Battle of Plassey in 1757, where Robert Clive defeated Siraj ud-Daulah, the last independent Nawab of Bengal. The British East India Company was granted the Diwani of Bengal, which gave them the right to collect revenue from the province.
Robert Clive, who was then the Governor of Bengal, introduced the dual system of government to establish the Company's control over the province and ensure the efficient collection of revenue. The system remained in place until the Indian Rebellion of 1857, when the British Crown took over the administration of India from the East India Company.
Therefore, Robert Clive is credited with introducing the dual system of government in Bengal in 1765.
