1.
The answer is: B
Explanation
The correct answer is B: Bentham.
Jeremy Bentham, an English philosopher, jurist, and social reformer who lived from 1748 to 1832, categorized the subject of jurisprudence into "Expositorial jurisprudence" and "Censorial jurisprudence."
Expositorial Jurisprudence: This refers to the descriptive aspect of jurisprudence, where the focus is on analyzing and explaining the existing laws and legal principles of a society. Expositorial jurisprudence aims to provide a clear and comprehensive understanding of the legal framework and its various elements.
Censorial Jurisprudence: This pertains to the critical or evaluative aspect of jurisprudence. Censorial jurisprudence involves assessing and critiquing existing laws and legal systems based on their effectiveness, efficiency, and alignment with ethical principles. Bentham was particularly concerned with the utility of laws and believed that they should promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. He advocated for legal reforms that would lead to more rational and just legal systems.
Jeremy Bentham's contributions to jurisprudence are significant because he emphasized the importance of analyzing laws not only from a descriptive standpoint but also from a critical perspective, urging for improvements in legal systems to achieve better outcomes for society.