A:
Gradual increase in the melting of ice polar regions
B:
Gradual increase of the temperature of ionosphere
C:
Gradual reduction in the amount of global direct irradiance at the Earth Surface
D:
Gradual loss of biodiversity hotspots
Explanation
"Global dimming" refers to the gradual reduction in the amount of global direct irradiance at the Earth's surface. This phenomenon is caused by the increased presence of atmospheric aerosols such as soot, dust, and other particulate matter, which scatter and absorb sunlight before it can reach the Earth's surface.
The increased amount of atmospheric aerosols is largely due to human activities such as burning fossil fuels and biomass, as well as industrial and agricultural practices. Global dimming has a cooling effect on the Earth's surface, counteracting the warming effects of greenhouse gases. However, it can also have negative impacts on climate, rainfall patterns, and air quality, and therefore it is an important factor to consider when studying and modeling climate change.
