15.
Explanation
1. Arrays (Static and Dynamic): Arrays are used in various applications, such as storing and manipulating collections of data, representing matrices, and implementing basic data structures like stacks, queues, and lists.
2. Linked Lists: Linked lists are employed in memory management, as dynamic data structures, and for creating various data structures like stacks, queues, and hash tables.
3. Stacks: Stacks are used in function call management (call stack), expression evaluation, undo mechanisms in software, and for managing temporary data storage.
4. Queues: Queues are essential for task scheduling, print job management, and modeling real-world scenarios where processes or entities need to wait in line.
5. Trees: Trees find applications in hierarchical data representation, file systems, parsing expressions (parse trees), and in various search and optimization algorithms.
6. Graphs: Graphs are used in network modeling, social network analysis, route planning (e.g., GPS navigation), and various optimization problems.
7. Hash Tables: Hash tables are employed in data indexing, database management, caching, and for quickly retrieving values associated with unique keys.
8. Heaps: Heaps are used in priority queues, sorting algorithms like heap sort, and for efficiently finding minimum or maximum values in a dataset.
9. Hash Maps: Hash maps are widely used for associative data storage, data retrieval, and implementing dictionaries or key-value stores.
10. Linked Hash Maps: Linked hash maps combine the features of linked lists and hash maps, making them suitable for ordered key-value storage and retrieval.