Explanation
In India, environmental related cases are primarily decided by the National Green Tribunal (NGT), which is option C.
The National Green Tribunal was established in 2010 under the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010, to handle cases related to environmental protection and conservation, and the enforcement of environmental laws. It is a specialized court that deals exclusively with environmental matters, and has the power to hear and decide cases related to environmental disputes, including those related to air and water pollution, forest conservation, biodiversity conservation, and climate change, among others.
While the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change and the Pollution Control Boards also play an important role in environmental governance in India, they do not have the authority to adjudicate environmental disputes. The Supreme Court of India also plays a significant role in environmental protection through its writ jurisdiction and powers under the Constitution of India, but the NGT has been specifically established to deal with environmental matters and has jurisdiction over all civil cases where a substantial question relating to the environment is involved.
