11.
The answer is: D
Explanation
The correct option is D: 1923.
The Indian Bar Committee, also known as the Chamier Committee, was appointed by the Government of India in 1923 under the chairmanship of Sir Edward Chamier, a retired Chief Justice of the Patna High Court. The committee was composed of four barristers, one attorney, one civilian and three representatives of the Vakil Bar. The committee was tasked with examining the conditions and prospects of the legal profession in India and making recommendations for its improvement and regulation. The committee submitted its report in 1924, which was regarded as a landmark in the history of the Indian Bar.
The other options are incorrect for the following reasons:
Option A: 1927 is not the year when the Indian Bar Committee was constituted. It was the year when the Legal Practitioners Act was passed by the Indian Legislative Assembly, based on some of the recommendations of the Chamier Committee. The Act provided for the establishment of Bar Councils in each province and conferred some degree of self-regulation to the legal profession.
Option B: 1961 is not the year when the Indian Bar Committee was constituted. It was the year when the Advocates Act was enacted by the Parliament of India, which repealed all the previous laws relating to legal practitioners and created a single class of advocates who are entitled to practice law in all courts and tribunals in India. The Act also established the Bar Council of India and the State Bar Councils as statutory bodies to regulate and represent the Indian bar.
Option C: 1949 is not the year when the Indian Bar Committee was constituted. It was the year when the Constitution of India came into force, which guaranteed the right to practice any profession, including law, as a fundamental right under Article 19(1)(g). The Constitution also empowered the Parliament to make laws on matters relating to legal profession under Entry 77 of List I of Seventh Schedule.