14.
Explanation
The statement "Leadership is situational” suggests that effective leadership is not a one-size-fits-all concept; it varies depending on the circumstances and context in which it is applied. Various leadership theories have emerged to emphasize the importance of adapting leadership styles and
behaviours to suit different situations. Here is a brief overview of some key leadership theories in this context:
1. Trait Theory:
- Trait theory focuses on identifying innate traits or qualities that make someone a leader.
- It suggests that certain personality characteristics, such as intelligence, charisma, and confidence, are common among effective leaders.
- However, this theory overlooks the situational aspect of leadership and assumes that leadership traits are consistent across all situations.
2. Behavioural Theory:
- Behavioural theories emphasize the actions and behaviours of leaders rather than their inherent traits.
- They suggest that effective leadership behaviours can be learned and adapted to various situations.
- The focus is on two main leadership styles: task-oriented (emphasizing goal achievement) and relationship-oriented (emphasizing interpersonal relationships).
3. Contingency Theory:
- Contingency theories propose that effective leadership depends on specific situational factors.
- One of the most well-known contingency theories is Fiedler’s Contingency Model, which suggests that the leadership style (task-oriented or relationship-oriented) that is most effective depends on the leader’s “least preferred co-worker” and the favourability of the situation.
4. Situational Leadership Theory:
- Situational Leadership Theory, developed by Hersey and Blanchard, asserts that the most effective leadership style depends on the readiness or maturity level of the followers.
- Leaders should adapt their style based on whether their followers are inexperienced and need direction (telling), transitioning to independence (selling), experienced and self-reliant (participating), or highly skilled and capable (delegating).
5. Path-Goal Theory:
- Path-Goal Theory suggests that a leader’s primary role is to help followers reach their goals by providing guidance and support.
- The leader’s style should be adapted to the characteristics of the followers and the nature of the task and environment.
6. Transformational Leadership:
- Transformational leadership emphasizes the leader’s ability to inspire and motivate followers to achieve exceptional outcomes.
- It is highly adaptable to various situations, as transformational leaders can use different strategies to inspire and align their teams with a shared vision.
7. Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory:
- LMX Theory focuses on the unique relationships between leaders and individual followers.
- It recognizes that leaders may have different relationships with different subordinates, and these relationships can influence leadership effectiveness.
Conclusion : the concept that “Leadership is situational” underscores the importance of considering the context and the needs of followers when adopting leadership approaches. Effective leaders are those who can adapt their leadership style, behaviours, and strategies to best suit the situation and the people they are leading.