Explanation
The mineral enrichment of water bodies is known as:
Eutrophication.
Eutrophication is the process of excessive nutrient enrichment, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, in water bodies such as lakes, ponds, and rivers. It is primarily caused by human activities such as agricultural runoff, sewage discharge, and industrial pollution.
When nutrients enter water bodies, they promote the growth of aquatic plants, including algae. This excessive growth of algae is known as an algal bloom. As the algae die and decompose, bacteria and other microorganisms consume oxygen during the decomposition process, leading to a depletion of oxygen in the water. This reduction in oxygen levels can harm aquatic organisms, leading to fish kills and negatively impacting the overall ecological balance of the water body.
Eutrophication can result in several environmental problems, including decreased water clarity, altered nutrient cycles, reduced biodiversity, and a shift in the composition of aquatic species. It can also have economic impacts, such as reduced recreational value and increased costs for drinking water treatment.
Preventing eutrophication involves implementing measures to reduce nutrient inputs into water bodies, such as improving wastewater treatment, implementing agricultural best management practices, and minimizing fertilizer use. Proper management and restoration of water bodies are essential to mitigate the harmful effects of eutrophication and maintain the ecological health of aquatic ecosystems.
